Jun 24, · The article by Czamara, Tiesler, Kohlbock et al. () focuses on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dyslexia as the most common neuro-behavioral childhood disorders. 5% of school children are affected by these issues, while an estimated half of all children with ADHD present as LD students (learning disabled) Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Essay Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood disorder, usually classified as a learning disability, in which the child has great difficulty concentrating on anything for more than a few moments at a time, and also has great difficulty sitting still or controlling physical activity blogger.comted Reading Time: 5 mins Feb 04, · Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), also called hyperkinetic disorder, is a neurobehavioral disorder or mental disorder that is typified either by significant inability to pay attention or control hyperactivity or impulsiveness, or a combination of those. Symptoms typically manifest before patients turn seven years old (Bray).Estimated Reading Time: 10 mins
Research Paper About ADHD | WOW Essays
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Type of paper: Research Paper. Topic: ADHDTreatmentDiagnosisMedicineBehaviorChildrenDisordersFamily. Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder ADHDadhd psychology paper, also called hyperkinetic disorder, is a neurobehavioral disorder or mental disorder that is typified either by significant inability to pay attention or control hyperactivity or impulsiveness, or a combination of those.
Symptoms typically manifest before patients turn seven years old Bray. There are three major types: ADHD-PI predominantly inattentiveADHD-HI hyperactive-impulsive or ADHD-C a combination. Many people refer to ADHD-PI as ADD because hyperactivity is not typically a part of the diagnosis. ADHD significantly impacts children of school age and leads to impulsive behaviors, restlessness and a general lack of focus which keeps them from learning effectively.
ADHD is the most frequently diagnosed and studies psychiatric disorder among children. Worldwide, it affects between three and five percent of all children; in school-aged children, it is found in between two and 16 percent. Between a third and a half of people who receive an ADHD diagnosis during childhood continue to have those symptoms adhd psychology paper adulthood.
Adolescents and adults who have ADHD usually develop a series of coping mechanisms to compensate for the impairments that the condition causes Gentile et al. Between two and five percent of adults are estimated to be living with ADHD. It appears about three times as often in boys as it does in girls. However, the symptoms make it tricky to differentiate ADHD from some adhd psychology paper disorders, adhd psychology paper, which makes it likelier that ADHD diagnosis can be missed.
Also, many adhd psychology paper have not taken formalized training in the best methods for assessing and treating ADHD, particularly in adult age patients. Managing ADHD is different from patient to patient. However, adhd psychology paper, a combination of counseling, lifestyle alterations, behavior therapy and medications is the general treatment pattern.
Only those children who show severe symptoms of ADHD should start treatment with medications. Medical therapy should only be considered for moderate-symptom patients who do not agree to the psychotherapeutic treatment options or who fail to improve with that sort of treatment. Because it involves school aged children, ADHD and its management have been a source of controversy for four decades now.
These controversies have drawn in teachers, clinicians, policy planners, parents and even the media. Today, the vast majority of health care providers view ADHD as an authentic disorder, meaning that the primary controversy has to do with diagnosis and treatment protocols. The most common symptoms of ADHD are disruptive behavior, impulsivity, hyperactivity and inattention Bray.
Academic struggles also are common, but they are not a necessary element for diagnosis. Because it is difficult to establish where normal metrics of those four symptoms lie for each individual child, though, planning initial treatment plans can be difficult.
In order for a person to receive adhd psychology paper diagnosis of ADHD, the symptoms must manifest and be observed in two different settings for at least six months, with a degree that must be higher than what is considered acceptable for a child of that age. When those behaviors do not interfere with studies, relationships or work in a significant way, then a diagnosis of ADHD is inappropriate, adhd psychology paper. However, for those who do have ADHD, there is an increased risk of difficulties with basic social skills, such as developing and maintaining friendships and interacting with others in social situations.
About half of all children and teens who have ADHD find rejection from peers, as opposed to about an eighth of children and teens who do not have Adhd psychology paper. One form of treatment for these patient can include training in behaviors and social skills, as well as medications.
However, the key factor in eliminating the possibility of such psychopathological outcomes as criminal behavior, significant depression and substance abuse is the creation of friendships with others who do not get into delinquent activities Mikami. Another unpleasant fact about ADHD adhd psychology paper that it generally exists in combination with other disorders or problems.
The co-incidence of ADHD with those conditions can make both diagnosis and treatment a lot more complicated. There are significant conditions, though, adhd psychology paper, that can manifest alongside ADHD and need adhd psychology paper own courses of recommended treatment. Some of these associated conditions include: - Oppositional Defiant Disorder ODDwhich manifests with ADHD at about a rate of 50 percent, is typified by such antisocial signs as aggression, stubbornness, temper tantrums, lying, stealing or deceitfulness.
While this co-manifestation is adhd psychology paper common, brain imaging technology has shown that these two have unique causes and are not related on a physiological level Mikami - Bipolar Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder and other Mood Disorders; boys who have received a diagnosis of ADHD-C are more likely to have one of these related disorders.
Sometimes the medicines used to treat ADHD can cause insomnia; for this reason, behavioral therapy is a preferred first line of treatment in both cases. Other problems that commonly strike ADHD children include regular bed wetting and dyspraxia; about one of every two dyspraxic children also has ADHD Bray, adhd psychology paper. Depression becomes more and more common among ADHD patients as they age from childhood into adolescence more frequently among girls than boys.
When mood disorders accompany ADHD, it is recommended to treat the mood disorder first Gentile et al, adhd psychology paper. The causes of ADHD are not specifically known at this time Bray. There are many factors that contribute to its incidence, such as genetics, nutrition and general environment. Genetics plays a factor in about three of four ADHD cases, and hyperactivity also is passed down genetically quite frequently Bray.
Many of the genes that affect transportation of dopamine are the likely causes for ADHD to occur; candidate genes do include DAT1, DRD4, DRD5, 5HTT, adhd psychology paper, HTR1B and SNAP25 Gizer, et al. Just adhd psychology paper variant adhd psychology paper the LPHN3 gene causes almost a tenth of all cases of ADHD; cases in which that gene exists do respond well to stimulant medicines Gentile et al.
Another reason behind the growing incidence of ADHD is that natural selection may actually favor the condition. Some of the individual traits can be helpful by themselves, only to cause more dysfunction when they combine to form the disorder. The fact that women are often attracted to men who take risks means that men with ADHD are generally more attractive, adhd psychology paper, placing more ADHD-likely genes into the pool Bray.
Because people with ADHD tend to have some more success in tasks that involve competition, risk and behavior that is unpredictable, ADHD can be both beneficial for individuals and in social situations. In societies that are less regimented than ours, such as nomadic ones or migratory ones, adhd psychology paper, these traits actually cause significant social benefits.
There are also some environmental factors that promote the development of ADHD. One is alcohol consumption during pregnancy; if the intake is high enough, it can give the child a place on the fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, which produces similar to those of ADHD. Those who are exposed to cigarette smoke during pregnancy can give their fetus impaired development, including elements of the central nervous system, which can also lead to symptoms that warrant an ADHD adhd psychology paper. While not all children exposes to these substances in the womb develop Adhd psychology paper, there is the possibility that a combination of environmental and genetic factors leads to a greater likelihood of developing the condition, adhd psychology paper.
Exposure to lead can also lead to similar neurocognitive deficits that look like ADHD, leading to adhd psychology paper diagnoses Bray. Other environmental factors include premature birth, extremely low weight at birth and early adversity in infancy can lead to ADHD.
About one in three children who have a traumatic brain injury as a child develop ADHD Eme. Diet is another factor that can lead to ADHD incidence. Benjamin Feingold, a pediatric allergist, was the first medical professional to suggest that additives and colorings in food could cause changes in juvenile behavior Bray. The evidence between food coloring and hyperactivity is inconclusive, but for those children who already have a genetic predisposition toward ADHD, some food colorings could be a risk factor.
Sunset yellow FCF, adhd psychology paper, allura red, tartrazine, ponceau 4R, adhd psychology paper, carmoisine and quinoline yellow have all been identified as the colorings with the most risk of causing ADHD in children Chapman.
There is also the possibility that social variables can lead to instances of ADHD. Dysfunction or other shortcomings in the family structure can cause neurological issues, and there is research indicating that strong relationships with caregivers have positive relationships on self-regulatory and attentional abilities.
One study indicated that foster children were much more likely to show symptoms of ADHD Finkelstein, et al. Homes with emotional abuse and violence also had children with signs of ADHD. Adhd psychology paper, children and adolescents suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder PRSD show many symptoms that can be erroneously diagnoses as ADHD Chapman. Because the specific causes of ADHD are not proven beyond a doubt, though, eliminating the disorder is not currently an option open to scientists.
Given the fact that there are several positive personality traits associated with the disorder, it might not be prudent to eliminate it anyway, adhd psychology paper. Rather, the challenge is on instructional designers to find ways to channel the energies of ADHD children effectively, so that classroom instruction can take place, and children everywhere on the spectrum of ADHD can learn. Bray, Melissa A. The Oxford Handbook of School Adhd psychology paper. New York: Oxford University Press, Chapman, Sarah.
pdf Eme, R. Gentile, Julie, Atiq, R. Gizer, I. and Waldman, I. Mikami, A. National Institute of Mental Health.
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ADHD among children and adults, with Margaret Sibley, PhD
, time: 26:29The ADHD Psychology Research Paper Essay Coursework - Words
Jun 24, · The article by Czamara, Tiesler, Kohlbock et al. () focuses on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dyslexia as the most common neuro-behavioral childhood disorders. 5% of school children are affected by these issues, while an estimated half of all children with ADHD present as LD students (learning disabled) Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Essay Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood disorder, usually classified as a learning disability, in which the child has great difficulty concentrating on anything for more than a few moments at a time, and also has great difficulty sitting still or controlling physical activity blogger.comted Reading Time: 5 mins Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders affecting children. ADHD also affects many adults. Symptoms of ADHD include inattention (not being able to keep focus), hyperactivity (excess movement that is not fitting to the setting) and impulsivity (hasty acts that occur in the moment without thought)
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